Controlling Antibacterial Activity Exclusively with Visible Light: Introducing a Tetra-ortho-Chloro-Azobenzene Amino Acid

The introduction of a novel tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzene amino acid (CEBA) has enabled photoswitching of the antimicrobial activity of tyrocidine A analogues by using exclusively visible light, granting spatiotemporal control under benign conditions. Compounds bearing this photoswitchable amino acid become active upon irradiation with red light, but quickly turn-off upon exposure to other visible light wavelengths. Critically, sunlight quickly triggers isomerisation of the red light-activated compounds into their original trans form, offering an ideal platform for self-deactivation upon release into the environment. Linear analogues of tyrocidine A were found to provide the best photocontrol of their antimicrobial activity, leading to compounds active against Acinetobacter baumannii upon isomerisation. Exploration of their N- and C-termini has provided insights into key elements of their structure and has allowed obtaining new antimicrobials displaying excellent strain selectivity and photocontrol.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定制药废水中10种抗生素

建立了一种同时测定制药废水中3类10种抗生素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。水样用固相萃取柱富集净化,通过比较在不同的固相萃取柱和洗脱液等条件下水样中目标物的回收率,优化了前处理方法。采用Agilent C18色谱柱(75 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm),以0.2%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为梯度洗脱的流动相,在电喷雾-多反应监测模式下进行定性定量分析。实验结果表明:在0.1~1000 μg/L范围内,6种氨基糖苷类抗生素、螺旋霉素及3种氟喹诺酮类抗生素的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r² > 0.995),方法检出限为0.07~4.37 ng/L,定量限为0.22~14.55 ng/L;目标抗生素的加标水平为0.002~40 μg/L时,平均回收率为50.4%~114.1%,相对标准偏差均不高于9.89%(n=3)。基于上述方法,对江苏省某制药厂废水中相关物质进行检测,在各废水处理单元中检出3种目标抗生素,质量浓度范围为0.46~1033.60 μg/L。该方法准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于制药厂废水中氨基糖苷类抗生素、螺旋霉素和氟喹诺酮类抗生素的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物饲料中的大环内酯类和林可胺类抗生素

建立了动物饲料中竹桃霉素、红霉素、吉他霉素、交沙霉素、罗红霉素、泰乐菌素6种大环内酯和林可霉素、克林霉素2种林可胺抗生素的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法。饲料样品采用甲醇提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。实验结果表明,8种药物在1～100 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系。在空白饲料样品中分别添加1、10和100 μg/kg 3个加标水平的8种药物,其平均回收率为68.6%～95.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.9%～11.8%,定量限均为1 μg/kg。结果表明,该方法简便快速、灵敏度高,适用于动物饲料中大环内酯类和林可胺类抗生素的同时检测。     

BiOI负载MIL-101(Fe)@BiOI衍生BiFeO3@Fe2O3及其增强光催化性能

采用溶剂热法合成了MIL-101(Fe)@BiOI复合材料,然后将其煅烧制备光催化性能增强的BiFeO₃@Fe₂O₃@BiOI三元复合材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱等测试手段表征复合材料的组成、结构、形貌。将复合材料用于可见光照射下光催化降解四环素,研究复合比例(质量比)、pH和浓度对光催化性能的影响。电化学阻抗谱、光电流响应和莫特-肖特基曲线测试分析表明三元复合材料BiFeO₃@Fe₂O₃@BiOI表现出更强的光电流响应和更低的电荷转移电阻。当BiFeO₃、Fe₂O₃和BiOI三者理论质量比为1∶1∶1时,中性条件下降解活性最高,四环素去除率为81%。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法检测环境水样中22种抗生素类药物

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析环境水样中22种抗生素类药物的方法。采用HLB固相萃取柱对环境水样中的目标化合物进行富集、净化,然后以6 mL氨水-甲醇(5:95, v/v)溶液洗脱。收集的洗脱液经氮气吹干至1 mL,然后进行HPLC-ESI MS/MS分离分析。色谱流动相A相为甲醇-乙腈(1:1, v/v), B相为0.3%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液(含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸铵,pH 2.9);色谱柱为XTerra MS C18柱。质谱检测采用正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。分别以自来水和污水作为基质,22种抗生素类药物的加标平均回收率分别为54.9%～130%和57.4%～138%,相对标准偏差(n=3)分别为2.85%～28.6%和2.02%～23.2%;方法的检出限为0.05～0.5 ng/L。将建立的方法应用于北京市高碑店湖和小清河水样的分析,结果表明在两个水样中均有部分抗生素类药物检出。     

萃取纳升喷雾-离子迁移谱法现场快速筛查化妆品中8种禁用抗生素

采用萃取纳升喷雾结合离子迁移谱技术,建立了化妆品中8种禁用抗生素的现场快速筛查方法。对萃取纳升喷雾毛细管拉制条件、萃取纳升喷雾离子化条件、离子迁移谱检测条件等进行了详细考察和优化。在优化的实验条件下,8种禁用抗生素的方法检出限为20 mg/kg,离子迁移谱分析时间小于20 ms,单个样品全部检测时间不超过30 s。对于筛检出的疑似阳性样品,进一步采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行确证。该方法流程简便、快捷高效,为化妆品中违禁组分的现场快速筛查提供了较为广阔的应用前景。     

preconcentration and determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in hospital sewage using vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of the deep eutectic solvent followed by HPLC–UV

In the present study, a new method for extraction and preconcentration of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone was used in hospitalised sewage samples, called vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of deep eutectic solvent. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection after preparation and extraction. In this method, the new deep eutectic solvent is used as the extraction solvent, which is obtained from the combination of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and n-butanoic acid. The important advantages of this novel extraction solvent include material stability, low density and good freezing point near room temperature. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors are in the range of 164–172. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 50.0 µg L^?1 of the target analytes in analysed samples were in the range of 2.1–3.5% and 3.8–5.2%, respectively. The limit of detections and linearity are in the range of 0.005–0.10 and 3–600 µg L^?1, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in the real sewage samples. The relative recoveries of sewage samples spiked with amoxicillin and ceftriaxone are 91–107%.     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留

建立了一种基于QuEChERS前处理技术,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)和内标法,快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)残留的分析方法。5. 0 g土壤样品添加200μg/kg基质匹配同位素内标后,经20 m L 0. 1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液和乙腈混合溶剂(体积比1∶1)提取,基质分散固相萃取(150 mg无水MgSO4、15 mg PSA、15 mg C18)净化后,采用UPLC-MS/MS进行测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。在优化条件下,19种抗生素的相关系数(r~2)为0. 992～0. 998,检出限为0. 2～1. 0μg/kg,定量下限为1. 0～5. 0μg/kg;在10、50、200μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为65. 2%～104%,相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于14%。该方法操作简单快速、准确度高,适用于土壤中氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留的检测。     

A Water‐Stable Terbium(III)–Organic Framework as a Chemosensor for Inorganic Ions,Nitro‐Containing Compounds and Antibiotics in Aqueous Solutions

Effective detection of organic/inorganic pollutants, such as antibiotics, nitro‐compounds, excessive Fe³⁺ and MnO₄^?, is crucial for human health and environmental protection. Here, a new terbium(III)–organic framework, namely [Tb(TATAB)(H₂O)]?2H₂O ( Tb‐MOF , H₃TATAB=4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐1,3,5‐triyltri‐m‐aminobenzoic acid), was assembled and characterized. The Tb‐MOF exhibits a water‐stable 3D bnn framework. Due to the existence of competitive absorption, Tb‐MOF has a high selectivity for detecting Fe³⁺, MnO₄^?, 4‐nirophenol and nitroimidazole (ronidazole, metronidazole, dimetridazole, ornidazole) in aqueous through luminescent quenching. The results suggest that Tb‐MOF is a simple and reliable reagent with multiple sensor responses in practical applications. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first Tb^III‐based MOF as an efficient fluorescent sensor for detecting metal ions, inorganic anions, nitro‐compounds, and antibiotics simultaneously.